- Kelud is a volcano located in East Java on Java in Indonesia. Like many Indonesian volcanoes and others on the Pacific Ring of Fire, Kelud is known for large explosive eruptions throughout its history.
- Kelud erupted on February 13, 2014
- The eruption sent volcanic ash covering an area of about 500 kilometers in diameter
- Ash fall occurred in large portion of Java island, from Malang to the east, as well as Central Java and Yogyakarta
Volcanic eruption- Volcanic eruptions arise through three main mechanisms:
- Gas release under decompression causing magmatic eruptions.
- Thermal contraction from chilling on contact with water causingphreatomagmatic eruptions.
- Ejection of entrained particles during steam eruptions causing phreatic eruptions
There are two types of eruptions in terms of activity, explosive eruptions andeffusive eruptions. Explosive eruptions are characterized by gas-driven explosions that propel magma and tephra. Effusive eruptions, meanwhile, are characterized by the outpouring of lava without significant explosive eruption.
On the one extreme there are effusive Hawaiian eruptions, which are characterized by lava fountains and fluid lava flows, which are typically not very dangerous. On the other extreme, Plinian eruptions are large, violent, and highly dangerous explosive events.
The Volcanic Explosivity Index (commonly shortened VEI) is a scale, from 0 to 8, for measuring the strength of eruptions
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