Problem Solving-1

# Some Fundamental Steps of Problem Solving

1. Identify The Problem: Tell specifically what the problem is and how you experience it. Cite specific examples.

o “Own” the problem as yours and solicit the help of others in solving it rather than implying that it’s someone else’s problem that they ought to solve. Keep in mind that if it were someone else’s problem, they would be bringing it up for discussion.

o In the identification phase of problem-solving, avoid references to solutions. This can trigger disagreement too early in the process and prevent ever making meaningful progress.

o Once there seems to be a fairly clear understanding of what the problem is, this definition needs to be written in very precise language. If a group is involved, it must be displayed on a flip chart or chalkboard.

2. Clarify The Problem: This step is most important when working with a group of people. If the problem is not adequately clarified so that everyone views it the same, the result will be that people will offer solutions to different problems. To clarify the problem, ask someone in the group to paraphrase the problem as they understand it. Then ask the other group members if they see it essentially the same way. Any differences must be resolved before going further.

In clarifying the problem, ask the group the following questions: Who is involved with the problem? Who is likely to be affected? Can we get them involved in solving the problem? Who legitimately or logically must be included in the decision? Are there others who need to be consulted prior to a decision?

These questions assume that commitment of those involved (and affected by the problem) is desirable in implementing any changes or solutions. The best way to get this commitment is to include those involved and affected by the problem in determining solutions.

3. Analyze the Cause: Any deviation from what must be is produced by a cause or interaction of causes. In order to change “what is” to “what is wanted” it is usually necessary to remove or neutralize the cause in some way. This calls for precise isolation of the most central or basic cause(s) of the problem, and requires close analysis of the problem to clearly separate the influencing from the non-influencing factors.

This is probably an easier process to follow when dealing with problems involving physical things rather than with interpersonal or social issues. Typically, interpersonal and social problems are more likely to spring from a dynamic constellation of causes that will be more difficult to solve if the causes are only tackled one at a time. Still, whether dealing with physical or social problems, it is important to seek those causes that are most fundamental in producing the problem. Don’t waste energy on causes that have only a tangential effect.

4. Solicit Alternative Solutions: To The Problem This step calls for identifying as many solutions to the problem as possible before discussing the specific advantages and disadvantages of each. What  happens frequently in problem solving is that the first two or three suggested solutions are debated and discussed for the full time allowed for the entire problem solving session. As a result, many  worthwhile ideas are never identified or considered. By identifying many solutions, a superior idea often surfaces itself and reduces or even eliminates the need for discussing details of more debatable issues. These solutions may be logical attacks at the cause or they may be creative solutions that need not be rational.

Therefore, it is important at this step to limit the time spent discussing any one solution and to concentrate rather on announcing as many as possible.