BHARAT RATNA
‘Bharat Ratna’, the highest civilian award of India, was instituted in the year 1954.
Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for these awards.
It is awarded for exceptional service towards advancement of Art, Literature and Science, and in recognition of public service of the highest order.
The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are made by the Prime Minister himself to the President. No formal recommendations for this are necessary.
The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a particular year.
On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion.
The award does not carry any monetary grant.
In terms of Article 18 (1) of the Constitution, the award cannot be used as a prefix or suffix to the recipient’s name. However, should an award winner consider it necessary, he/she may use the following expression in their bio-data/letterhead/visiting card etc. to indicate that he/she is a recipient of the award: –
‘Awarded Bharat Ratna by the President’
or
‘Recipient of Bharat Ratna award’
‘Awarded Bharat Ratna by the President’
or
‘Recipient of Bharat Ratna award’
List of Bharat Ratna Awardees
| NAME | AWARDED IN |
| Chakravarti Rajagopalachari (1878-1972) | 1954 |
| Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) | 1954 |
| Dr Chandrasekhar Venkat Raman (1888-1970) | 1954 |
| Dr Bhagwan Das (1869-1958) | 1955 |
| Dr Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya (1861-1962) | 1955 |
| Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964) | 1955 |
| Govind Ballabh Pant (1887-1961) | 1957 |
| Dr Dhondo Keshave Karve (1858-1962) | 1958 |
| Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882-1962) | 1961 |
| Purushottam Das Tandon (1882-1962) | 1961 |
| Dr Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) | 1962 |
| Dr Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) | 1963 |
| Dr Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972) | 1963 |
| Lal Bahadur Shastri (Posthumous) (1904-1966) | 1966 |
| Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) | 1971 |
| Varahagiri Venkatagiri (1884-1980) | 1975 |
| Kumaraswami Kamraj (Posthumous) (1903-1975) | 1976 |
| Mary Teresa Bojaxhiu (Mother Teresa) (1910-1997) | 1980 |
| Acharya Vinobha Bhave (Posthumous) (1895-1982) | 1983 |
| Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988) | 1987 |
| Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (Posthumous) (1917-1987) | 1988 |
| Dr Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar (Posthumous) (1891-1956) | 1990 |
| Dr Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (b-1918) | 1990 |
| Rajiv Gandhi (Posthumous) (1944-1991) | 1991 |
| Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (Posthumous) (1875-1950) | 1991 |
| Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1896-1995) | 1991 |
| Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (Posthumous) (1888-1958) | 1992 |
| Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhai Tata (1904-1993) | 1992 |
| Satyajit Ray (Posthumous) (1922-1992) | 1992 |
| Aruna Asaf Ali (Posthumous) (1909-1996) | 1997 |
| Gulzari Lal Nanda (Posthumous) (1898-1997) | 1997 |
| Dr Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (b-1931) | 1997 |
| Madurai Shanmukhavadivu Subbalakshmi (1916-2004) | 1998 |
| Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910-2000) | 1998 |
| Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan (Posthumous) (1902-1979) | 1999 |
| Professor Amartya Sen (b-1933) | 1999 |
| Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (Posthumous) (1890-1950) | 1999 |
| Pandit Ravi Shankar (b -1920) | 1999 |
| Sushri Lata Dinanath Mangeshkar (b-1929) | 2001 |
| Ustad Bismillah Khan (1916-2006) | 2001 |
| Bhimsen Joshi (1922-2011) | 2008 |
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