Explain in layman’s terms how nanotechnology promises to make computers faster, efficient and robust in future.

Ans. Nanotechnology is the science of particles at a scale of 1 nm (10-9m) to 100 nm and using these to develop applications of human use. Moore’s law states that the number of transistors on a single chip will double every 18 months to 2 years, thus doubling the speed of the computer. However, in recent years, chip manufacturers have been facing ever greater difficulties in living upto the law. However, with the scales at which nano particles operate, the Moore’s law can be more than satisfied once again.
The nanotechnology frontier is led by carbon nano tubes that allow development of single atom transistors that increase computing speeds exponentially. Further, the field of photonics in nanotechnology promises data transfer at a higher bandwidth with lower energy consumption and heat production, thus increasing computing efficiency.
Latest research in quantum computing, which is the cutting edge of nanotechnology, has revealed a whole new paradigm in computing. The quantum mechanical phenomena of superposition and entanglement allow for data operations unheralded before. The quantum bits (qubits) will allow simultaneous multiple calculations that would make today’s super computers look like children’s toys. The recent research in nanotechnology has proven once again that human capabilities are limited only by our ability to think.