Answer:
“Nutrition
Transition” refers to the
increased consumption of unhealthy foods which results into
prevalence of overweight and obesity in a society. Nutrition
transition is malnutrition ensuing not merely from a need for food,
but the need for high-quality nourishment. Foods rich
in vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients such
as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains have been
substituted by foods heavy in added sugar, saturated fat,
and sodium.
Extent
in India: Obesity has acquired
epidemic proportions in India with 5 per cent of the population
suffering from it. The women in urban areas in India suffer from
obesity and overweight in much higher proportion. As per a survey 12%
women are overweight and 2% obese.
Causes: Various
factors which have contribute to the growth of ‘nutrition
transition’ are rapid urbanization, change in lifestyle especially
in urban areas, upward shift in the income level of the households,
prevalence of consumption culture, availability of imported food from
the industrialized countries, lucrative marketing of junk food in the
public media etc.
Implications: In
India bulk of the population is malnourished and the governmental
spending on the public health are very low, thus nutrition transition
can have severe implications on the productivity, national income and
growth rate of the country. The nutritional transition is also the
major cause of prevalence of non-communicable disease
e.g. diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease, renal
disease etc.
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